Fuel Cell Stack

Fuel cell:

The amount of power produced by a fuel cell depends on several factors, including fuel cell type, cell size, temperature at which it operates, and pressure at which the gases are supplied to the cell. A single fuel cell produces less than 1.16 volts - barely enough electricity for even the smallest applications.

Fuel cell stack:
To increase the amount of electricity generated, individual fuel cells are combined in series, into a fuel cell "stack." A typical fuel cell stack may consist of hundreds of fuel cells.

Fuel cells are a flexible technology and have a broad range of applications:

Transportation:
Fuel cells can be used to provide propulsion or auxiliary power for transportation applications including cars, trucks, buses, trains, ships, and submarines. They have been used to provide auxiliary power on spacecraft for decades.

Stationary Power:
Stationary fuel cell units can be used for backup power, power for remote locations, stand-alone power plants for towns and cities, distributed generation for buildings, and co-generation (in which excess thermal energy from electricity generation is used for heat).

Portable Power:
Fuel cells can be used to power a variety of portable devices, from handheld electronics like cell phones and radios, to larger equipment such as portable generators. They can be used for almost any application typically powered by batteries but can last up to three times longer before refueling.

Source : U.S Department Of Energy

Enthalpy Calculator Online (Physical Properties Calculator )

We can calculate the physical properties such as:

1. Temperature
2. Pressure
   
3. density
   
4. Enthalpy
5. Internal energy
   
6. Gibbs Free Energy
   
7. Entropy
   
8. Molecular Weight
   
9. Gas Constant
10. Heat Specific
11. Gamma
    

The temperature range 273 K to 5000 K online. you can do by clicking on the Physical Properties page on the online block in the Chemistry Index, or you can visit the web page Physical Properties Online Calculator.
For each reaction specie, the thermodynamic functions specific heat, enthalpy and entropy as functions of temperature are given in the form of least squares coefficients as follows:

Cp/R = A1 + A2T + A3T² + A4T³ + A5T⁴

H/(R*T) = A1 + A2T/2 + A3T²/3 + A4T³/4 + A5T⁴/5 + A6/T

S/R = A1lnT + A2T + A3T²/2 + A4T³/3 + A5T⁴/4 + A7

or

S/R = A1lnT + A2T + A3T²/2 + A4T³/3 + A5T⁴/4 + A7 - lnp

For each specie, two sets of coefficients are included for two adjecent temperature intervals, 273 to 1,000 [K] and 1,000 to 5,000 [K]. The data have been constrained to be equal at 1,000 [K].

Also,

U = H - p*v*MW or U = H - R*T

G = H - S*T

and

u = h - p*v or u = h - R*T/MW

g = h - s*T